Parepare,– Umat Muslim di seluruh dunia bersiap menyambut bulan suci Ramadan, bulan penuh berkah yang identik dengan ibadah puasa. Namun, bagi penyandang diabetes, menjalankan puasa memerlukan perhatian khusus agar tetap sehat dan terhindar dari risiko komplikasi.
Lantas, apakah penyandang diabetes boleh berpuasa? Jawabannya, boleh, tetapi dengan syarat tertentu. RS Dr. Hasri Ainun Habibie Parepare mengingatkan bahwa setiap pasien diabetes harus memastikan kondisi kesehatan mereka stabil sebelum memutuskan untuk berpuasa.
Sebelum menjalankan ibadah puasa, penderita diabetes dianjurkan untuk melakukan konsultasi dengan dokter terlebih dahulu. Hal ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi apakah kondisi pasien memungkinkan untuk berpuasa tanpa risiko kesehatan yang tinggi. Berikut beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan:
1. Pastikan Kadar Gula Darah Terkontrol
Penderita diabetes yang ingin berpuasa harus memastikan kadar gula darah mereka dalam rentang normal. Jika kadar gula darah terlalu tinggi (hiperglikemia) atau terlalu rendah (hipoglikemia), maka puasa bisa berisiko. Idealnya, kadar gula darah yang aman untuk berpuasa adalah antara 80-180 mg/dL.
2. Monitor Gula Darah Secara Rutin
Selama berpuasa, penderita diabetes dianjurkan untuk rutin memeriksa kadar gula darah, terutama saat:
- Sebelum sahur
- Tengah hari
- Sebelum berbuka
- Dua jam setelah berbuka
Jika kadar gula darah turun drastis di bawah 70 mg/dL atau naik di atas 300 mg/dL, sebaiknya segera membatalkan puasa dan mencari pertolongan medis.
3. Jaga Pola Makan yang Seimbang
Pola makan menjadi kunci utama dalam menjaga kadar gula darah tetap stabil selama berpuasa. Berikut adalah beberapa tips diet sehat untuk penderita diabetes saat Ramadan:
- Sahur: Pilih makanan yang mengandung karbohidrat kompleks seperti nasi merah, oatmeal, roti gandum, atau ubi. Konsumsi juga protein dan serat untuk membantu menjaga rasa kenyang lebih lama.
- Berbuka: Awali dengan makanan ringan dan sehat, seperti kurma (tidak lebih dari 2 buah), sup, atau air putih. Hindari makanan yang tinggi gula, gorengan, dan makanan berlemak tinggi.
- Cukup Minum Air: Pastikan tubuh tetap terhidrasi dengan mengonsumsi air putih minimal 8 gelas sehari (dibagi saat berbuka hingga sahur).
4. Waspadai Tanda-Tanda Hipoglikemia dan Hiperglikemia
Saat berpuasa, penderita diabetes harus mengenali tanda-tanda bahaya yang menunjukkan kadar gula darah tidak stabil.
- Hipoglikemia (gula darah terlalu rendah):
- Pusing
- Lemas
- Berkeringat dingin
- Gemetar
- Sulit berkonsentrasi
- Hiperglikemia (gula darah terlalu tinggi):
- Haus berlebihan
- Sering buang air kecil
- Kelelahan
- Pandangan kabur
Jika mengalami gejala tersebut, penderita diabetes sebaiknya segera membatalkan puasa dan mengonsumsi makanan atau minuman yang bisa menstabilkan gula darah.
Tidak semua penderita diabetes aman untuk berpuasa. Menurut para dokter di RS Dr. Hasri Ainun Habibie Parepare, beberapa kondisi yang tidak dianjurkan untuk berpuasa antara lain:
- Penderita diabetes tipe 1 yang bergantung pada insulin dosis tinggi
- Penderita diabetes dengan komplikasi berat, seperti gagal ginjal atau penyakit jantung
- Orang dengan riwayat hipoglikemia berat atau sering mengalami koma diabetes
- Wanita hamil dengan diabetes gestasional
Puasa bagi penderita diabetes memang memungkinkan, tetapi harus dilakukan dengan persiapan dan pengawasan ketat. Pastikan kondisi kesehatan stabil, konsultasikan dengan dokter, jaga pola makan, dan pantau kadar gula darah secara rutin.
Jika ragu atau mengalami tanda-tanda bahaya selama berpuasa, segera konsultasikan dengan dokter di RS Dr. Hasri Ainun Habibie Parepare agar ibadah puasa tetap sehat dan aman.
Semoga Ramadan menjadi bulan yang penuh berkah bagi kita semua!
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